Table 1a Sensor glucose targets in advance of exercise in regard to adults with type 1 diabetes and Ex 2 and/or low hypo risk (Increase in sensor glucose expected)
Pre-exercise sensor glucose	Trend arrow	Action 	
Ex 2 and/or low hypo risk	Direction	Increase in sensor glucose expected	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND >1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	éìèîê	No Ex,
Insulin correction	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND ≤1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	ìé	Consider insulin correctionc,
Can start AE	
	è	Consider insulin correctionc,
Can start AE 	
	îê	Can start all Ex	
10.1–15.0 mmol/l
(181–270 mg/dl)	ìé	Can start AE
Consider insulin correction for RT, HITc	
	è	Can start all Ex,
Consider insulin correctionc	
	îê	Can start all Ex	
7.0–10.0 mmol/l
(126–180 mg/dl)	ìé	Can start all Ex	
	è		
	îê		
5.0–6.9 mmol/l
(90–125 mg/dl)	ìé	Can start all Ex	
	è	~10 g CHO,
Can start all Ex	
	î	~15 g CHO,
Delay all Exd	
	ê	20 g CHO,
Delay all Exd	
3.9–4.9 mmol/l
(70–89 mg/dl)	é	~10 g CHO,
Can start all Ex	
	ì	~15 g CHO,
Delay all Exe	
	è	20 g CHO,
Delay all Exe	
	î	~25 g CHO,
Delay all Exe	
	ê	Individual amount CHO ingestion,
Delay all Exe	
<3.9 mmol/l
(<70 mg/dl)	Individual amount CHO ingestion,
Delay all Exf	
Sensor glucose targets are detailed for the following groups in type 1 diabetes (T1D): intensively exercising and/or low risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 2); moderately exercising and/or moderate risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 1); minimally exercising and/or high risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 0)
a Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses and intact cognitive and functional status
bRecommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses or two or more instrumental ADL impairments or mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment
c 50% of regular insulin correction factor when sensor glucose is close to the upper threshold
d Delay exercise until reaching at least 5.0 mmol/l (90 mg/dl) and è, ì, or é
eDelay exercise until reaching at least 3.9–4.9 mmol/l (70–89 mg/dl) and é
fDelay exercise until reaching a sensor glucose of 3.9–4.9 mmol/l (70–89 mg/dl) with an arrow if an increase in sensor glucose is expected during exercise, or delay exercise until reaching at least 5.0 mmol/l (90 mg/dl) and è, ì, or éif a decrease in sensor glucose during exercise is expected
When reaching the required sensor glucose level to start exercise, only consume carbohydrates again when trend arrow is starting to decrease
These recommendations are not applicable to hybrid closed-loop systems
Green shading, no/minimal action required; light-yellow shading, minimal/moderate action required; dark-yellow shading, moderate/intense action required; red shading, no/delay exercise
AE, mild-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise; CHO, carbohydrate; Ex, exercise; HIT, high-intensity training; hypo, hypoglycaemia; RT, resistance training

Table 1b Sensor glucose targets in advance of exercise in regard to adults with type 1 diabetes and Ex 2 and/or low hypo risk (Decrease in sensor glucose expected)
Pre-exercise sensor glucose	Trend arrow	Action 	
Ex 2 and/or low hypo risk	Direction	Decrease in sensor glucose expected	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND >1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	éìèîê	No Ex,
Insulin correction	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND ≤1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	ìé	Consider insulin correctionc,
Can start all Ex	
	è	Consider insulin correctionc,
Can start all Ex	
	îê	Can start all Ex	
10.1–15.0 mmol/l
(181–270 mg/dl)	ìé	Can start AE
Consider insulin correction for RT, HITc	
	è	Can start all Ex	
	îê		
7.0–10.0 mmol/l
(126–180 mg/dl)	ìé	Can start all Ex	
	è		
	îê	~15 g CHO,
Can start all Ex	
5.0–6.9 mmol/l
(90–125 mg/dl)	ìé	~15 g CHO,
Can start all Ex	
	è	~20 g CHO,
Can start all Ex	
	î	~25 g CHO,
Delay all Exd	
	ê	~30 g CHO,
Delay all Exd	
3.9–4.9 mmol/l
(70–89 mg/dl)	é	~20 g CHO,
Delay Exd	
	ì	~25 g CHO,
Delay all Exd	
	è	~30 g CHO,
Delay all Exd	
	î	~35 g CHO,
Delay all Exd	
	ê	Individual amount CHO ingestion,
Delay all Exd	
<3.9 mmol/l
(<70 mg/dl)	Individual amount CHO ingestion,
Delay all Exf	
Sensor glucose targets are detailed for the following groups in type 1 diabetes (T1D): intensively exercising and/or low risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 2); moderately exercising and/or moderate risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 1); minimally exercising and/or high risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 0)
a Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses and intact cognitive and functional status
bRecommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses or two or more instrumental ADL impairments or mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment
c 50% of regular insulin correction factor when sensor glucose is close to the upper threshold
d Delay exercise until reaching at least 5.0 mmol/l (90 mg/dl) and è, ì, or é
eDelay exercise until reaching at least 3.9–4.9 mmol/l (70–89 mg/dl) and é
fDelay exercise until reaching a sensor glucose of 3.9–4.9 mmol/l (70–89 mg/dl) with an arrow if an increase in sensor glucose is expected during exercise, or delay exercise until reaching at least 5.0 mmol/l (90 mg/dl) and è, ì, or éif a decrease in sensor glucose during exercise is expected
When reaching the required sensor glucose level to start exercise, only consume carbohydrates again when trend arrow is starting to decrease
These recommendations are not applicable to hybrid closed-loop systems
Green shading, no/minimal action required; light-yellow shading, minimal/moderate action required; dark-yellow shading, moderate/intense action required; red shading, no/delay exercise
AE, mild-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise; CHO, carbohydrate; Ex, exercise; HIT, high-intensity training; hypo, hypoglycaemia; RT, resistance training
Table 2a Sensor glucose targets in advance of exercise in regard to adults with type 1 diabetes and Ex 1 and/or moderate hypo riska (Increase in sensor glucose expected)
Pre-exercise sensor glucose	Trend arrow	Action 	
Ex 1 and/or moderate hypo riska	Direction	Increase in sensor glucose expected	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND >1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	éìèîê	No Ex,
Insulin correction	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND ≤1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	ìé	Consider insulin correctionc,
Can start AE	
	è	Consider insulin correctionc,
Can start AE 	
	îê	Can start all Ex	
11.1–15.0 mmol/l
(199–270 mg/dl)	ìé	Can start AE
Consider insulin correction for RT, HITc	
	è	Can start all Ex,
Consider insulin correctionc	
	îê	Can start all Ex	
8.0–11.0 mmol/l
(145–198 mg/dl)	ìé	Can start all Ex	
	è		
	îê		
5.0–7.9 mmol/l
(90–144 mg/dl)	ìé	Can start all Ex	
	è	~10 g CHO,
Can start all Ex	
	î	~15 g CHO,
Delay all Exd	
	ê	20 g CHO,
Delay all Exd	
3.9–4.9 mmol/l
(70–89 mg/dl)	é	~10 g CHO,
Can start all Ex	
	ì	~15 g CHO,
Delay all Exe	
	è	20 g CHO,
Delay all Exe	
	î	~25 g CHO,
Delay all Exe	
	ê	Individual amount CHO ingestion,
Delay all Exe	
<3.9 mmol/l
(<70 mg/dl)	Individual amount CHO ingestion,
Delay all Exf	
Sensor glucose targets are detailed for the following groups in type 1 diabetes (T1D): intensively exercising and/or low risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 2); moderately exercising and/or moderate risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 1); minimally exercising and/or high risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 0)
a Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses and intact cognitive and functional status
bRecommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses or two or more instrumental ADL impairments or mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment
c 50% of regular insulin correction factor when sensor glucose is close to the upper threshold
d Delay exercise until reaching at least 5.0 mmol/l (90 mg/dl) and è, ì, or é
eDelay exercise until reaching at least 3.9–4.9 mmol/l (70–89 mg/dl) and é
fDelay exercise until reaching a sensor glucose of 3.9–4.9 mmol/l (70–89 mg/dl) with an arrow if an increase in sensor glucose is expected during exercise, or delay exercise until reaching at least 5.0 mmol/l (90 mg/dl) and è, ì, or éif a decrease in sensor glucose during exercise is expected
When reaching the required sensor glucose level to start exercise, only consume carbohydrates again when trend arrow is starting to decrease
These recommendations are not applicable to hybrid closed-loop systems
Green shading, no/minimal action required; light-yellow shading, minimal/moderate action required; dark-yellow shading, moderate/intense action required; red shading, no/delay exercise
AE, mild-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise; CHO, carbohydrate; Ex, exercise; HIT, high-intensity training; hypo, hypoglycaemia; RT, resistance training

Table 2b Sensor glucose targets in advance of exercise in regard to adults with type 1 diabetes and Ex 1 and/or moderate hypo riska (Decrease in sensor glucose expected)
Pre-exercise sensor glucose	Trend arrow	Action 	
Ex 1 and/or moderate hypo riska	Direction	Decrease in sensor glucose expected	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND >1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	éìèîê	No Ex,
Insulin correction	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND ≤1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	ìé	Consider insulin correctionc,
Can start all Ex	
	è	Consider insulin correctionc,
Can start all Ex	
	îê	Can start all Ex	
11.1–15.0 mmol/l
(199–270 mg/dl)	ìé	Can start AE
Consider insulin correction for RT, HITc	
	è	Can start all Ex	
	îê		
8.0–11.0 mmol/l
(145–198 mg/dl)	ìé	Can start all Ex	
	è		
	îê	~15 g CHO,
Can start all Ex	
5.0–7.9 mmol/l
(90–144 mg/dl)	ìé	~15 g CHO,
Can start all Ex	
	è	~20 g CHO,
Can start all Ex	
	î	~25 g CHO,
Delay all Exd	
	ê	~30 g CHO,
Delay all Exd	
3.9–4.9 mmol/l
(70–89 mg/dl)	é	~20 g CHO,
Delay Exd	
	ì	~25 g CHO,
Delay all Exd	
	è	~30 g CHO,
Delay all Exd	
	î	~35 g CHO,
Delay all Exd	
	ê	Individual amount CHO ingestion,
Delay all Exd	
<3.9 mmol/l
(<70 mg/dl)	Individual amount CHO ingestion,
Delay all Exf	
Sensor glucose targets are detailed for the following groups in type 1 diabetes (T1D): intensively exercising and/or low risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 2); moderately exercising and/or moderate risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 1); minimally exercising and/or high risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 0)
a Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses and intact cognitive and functional status
bRecommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses or two or more instrumental ADL impairments or mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment
c 50% of regular insulin correction factor when sensor glucose is close to the upper threshold
d Delay exercise until reaching at least 5.0 mmol/l (90 mg/dl) and è, ì, or é
eDelay exercise until reaching at least 3.9–4.9 mmol/l (70–89 mg/dl) and é
fDelay exercise until reaching a sensor glucose of 3.9–4.9 mmol/l (70–89 mg/dl) with an arrow if an increase in sensor glucose is expected during exercise, or delay exercise until reaching at least 5.0 mmol/l (90 mg/dl) and è, ì, or éif a decrease in sensor glucose during exercise is expected
When reaching the required sensor glucose level to start exercise, only consume carbohydrates again when trend arrow is starting to decrease
These recommendations are not applicable to hybrid closed-loop systems
Green shading, no/minimal action required; light-yellow shading, minimal/moderate action required; dark-yellow shading, moderate/intense action required; red shading, no/delay exercise
AE, mild-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise; CHO, carbohydrate; Ex, exercise; HIT, high-intensity training; hypo, hypoglycaemia; RT, resistance training
Table 3a Sensor glucose targets in advance of exercise in regard to adults with type 1 diabetes and Ex 0 and/or high hypo riskb (Increase in sensor glucose expected)
Pre-exercise sensor glucose	Trend arrow	Action 	
Ex 0 and/or high hypo riskb	Direction	Increase in sensor glucose expected	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND >1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	éìèîê	No Ex,
Insulin correction	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND ≤1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	ìé	Consider insulin correctionc,
Can start AE	
	è	Consider insulin correctionc,
Can start AE 	
	îê	Can start all Ex	
12.1–15.0 mmol/l
(217–270 mg/dl)	ìé	Can start AE
Consider insulin correction for RT, HITc	
	è	Can start all Ex,
Consider insulin correctionc	
	îê	Can start all Ex	
9.0–12.0 mmol/l
(162–216 mg/dl)	ìé	Can start all Ex	
	è		
	îê		
5.0–8.9 mmol/l
(90–161 mg/dl)	ìé	Can start all Ex	
	è	~10 g CHO,
Can start all Ex	
	î	~15 g CHO,
Delay all Exd	
	ê	20 g CHO,
Delay all Exd	
3.9–4.9 mmol/l
(70–89 mg/dl)	é	~10 g CHO,
Can start all Ex	
	ì	~15 g CHO,
Delay all Exe	
	è	20 g CHO,
Delay all Exe	
	î	~25 g CHO,
Delay all Exe	
	ê	Individual amount CHO ingestion,
Delay all Exe	
<3.9 mmol/l
(<70 mg/dl)	Individual amount CHO ingestion,
Delay all Exf	
Sensor glucose targets are detailed for the following groups in type 1 diabetes (T1D): intensively exercising and/or low risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 2); moderately exercising and/or moderate risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 1); minimally exercising and/or high risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 0)
a Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses and intact cognitive and functional status
bRecommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses or two or more instrumental ADL impairments or mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment
c 50% of regular insulin correction factor when sensor glucose is close to the upper threshold
d Delay exercise until reaching at least 5.0 mmol/l (90 mg/dl) and è, ì, or é
eDelay exercise until reaching at least 3.9–4.9 mmol/l (70–89 mg/dl) and é
fDelay exercise until reaching a sensor glucose of 3.9–4.9 mmol/l (70–89 mg/dl) with an arrow if an increase in sensor glucose is expected during exercise, or delay exercise until reaching at least 5.0 mmol/l (90 mg/dl) and è, ì, or éif a decrease in sensor glucose during exercise is expected
When reaching the required sensor glucose level to start exercise, only consume carbohydrates again when trend arrow is starting to decrease
These recommendations are not applicable to hybrid closed-loop systems
Green shading, no/minimal action required; light-yellow shading, minimal/moderate action required; dark-yellow shading, moderate/intense action required; red shading, no/delay exercise
AE, mild-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise; CHO, carbohydrate; Ex, exercise; HIT, high-intensity training; hypo, hypoglycaemia; RT, resistance trainin

Table 3b Sensor glucose targets in advance of exercise in regard to adults with type 1 diabetes and Ex 0 and/or high hypo riskb (Decrease in sensor glucose expected)
Pre-exercise sensor glucose	Trend arrow	Action 	
Ex 0 and/or high hypo riskb	Direction	Decrease in sensor glucose expected	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND >1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	éìèîê	No Ex,
Insulin correction	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND ≤1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	ìé	Consider insulin correctionc,
Can start all Ex	
	è	Consider insulin correctionc,
Can start all Ex	
	îê	Can start all Ex	
12.1–15.0 mmol/l
(217–270 mg/dl)	ìé	Can start AE
Consider insulin correction for RT, HITc	
	è	Can start all Ex	
	îê		
9.0–12.0 mmol/l
(162–216 mg/dl)	ìé	Can start all Ex	
	è		
	îê	~15 g CHO,
Can start all Ex	
5.0–8.9 mmol/l
(90–161 mg/dl)	ìé	~15 g CHO,
Can start all Ex	
	è	~20 g CHO,
Can start all Ex	
	î	~25 g CHO,
Delay all Exd	
	ê	~30 g CHO,
Delay all Exd	
3.9–4.9 mmol/l
(70–89 mg/dl)	é	~20 g CHO,
Delay Exd	
	ì	~25 g CHO,
Delay all Exd	
	è	~30 g CHO,
Delay all Exd	
	î	~35 g CHO,
Delay all Exd	
	ê	Individual amount CHO ingestion,
Delay all Exd	
<3.9 mmol/l
(<70 mg/dl)	Individual amount CHO ingestion,
Delay all Exf	
Sensor glucose targets are detailed for the following groups in type 1 diabetes (T1D): intensively exercising and/or low risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 2); moderately exercising and/or moderate risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 1); minimally exercising and/or high risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 0)
a Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses and intact cognitive and functional status
bRecommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses or two or more instrumental ADL impairments or mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment
c 50% of regular insulin correction factor when sensor glucose is close to the upper threshold
d Delay exercise until reaching at least 5.0 mmol/l (90 mg/dl) and è, ì, or é
eDelay exercise until reaching at least 3.9–4.9 mmol/l (70–89 mg/dl) and é
fDelay exercise until reaching a sensor glucose of 3.9–4.9 mmol/l (70–89 mg/dl) with an arrow if an increase in sensor glucose is expected during exercise, or delay exercise until reaching at least 5.0 mmol/l (90 mg/dl) and è, ì, or éif a decrease in sensor glucose during exercise is expected
When reaching the required sensor glucose level to start exercise, only consume carbohydrates again when trend arrow is starting to decrease
These recommendations are not applicable to hybrid closed-loop systems
Green shading, no/minimal action required; light-yellow shading, minimal/moderate action required; dark-yellow shading, moderate/intense action required; red shading, no/delay exercise
AE, mild-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise; CHO, carbohydrate; Ex, exercise; HIT, high-intensity training; hypo, hypoglycaemia; RT, resistance training
Table 4a Sensor glucose targets during exercise in regard to adults with type 1 diabetes and Ex 2 and/or low hypo risk (Increase in sensor glucose expected)
During exercise sensor glucose	Trend arrow	Action	
Ex 2 and/or low hypo risk	Direction	Increase in sensor glucose expected	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND >1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	éìèîê	Stop Ex,
Consider insulin correction,
No restart of Ex	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND ≤1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	ìé	Consider insulin correctionc,
Proceed all Ex	
	è	Consider insulin correctionc,
Proceed all Ex	
	îê	Proceed all Ex	
10.1–15.0 mmol/l
(181–270 mg/dl)	ìé	Proceed all Ex,
Consider insulin correctionc	
	è		
	îê	Proceed all Ex	
7.0–10.0 mmol/l
(126–180 mg/dl)	ìé	Proceed all Ex	
	è		
	îê		
<7.0 mmol/l
(<126 mg/dl)	ìé	Proceed all Ex	
	è	~10 g CHO, Proceed all Exd	
	î	~15 g CHO, Proceed all Exd	
	ê	~20 g CHO, Proceed all Exd	
<3.9 mmol/l
(<70 mg/dl)	é	Stop all Ex,
Consider confirmatory SMBG,
Individual amount CHO ingestion,
Restart of all Ex possiblee	
	ì		
	è		
	î		
	ê		
<3.0 mmol/l
(<54 mg/dl)	Stop all Ex,
Confirmatory SMBG,
Individual amount CHO ingestion,
No restart of Ex	
Sensor glucose targets are detailed for the following groups in type 1 diabetes (T1D): intensively exercising and/or low risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 2); moderately exercising and/or moderate risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 1); minimally exercising and/or high risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 0)
a Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses and intact cognitive and functional status
b Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses or two or more instrumental ADL impairments or mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment
c 50% of the regular insulin correction factor
d Check sensor glucose at least 30 min after carbohydrate consumption and repeat treatment if required
e Restart exercise when reaching sensor glucose levels of at least 4.4 mmol/l (80 mg/dl) and è, ì, or é
When reaching the required sensor glucose level during exercise, only consume carbohydrates again when trend arrow is starting to decrease
These recommendations are not applicable to hybrid closed-loop systems
Green shading, no/minimal action required; light-yellow shading, minimal/moderate action required; dark-yellow shading, moderate/intense action required; red shading, stop exercise
AE, mild-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise; CHO, carbohydrate; Ex, exercise; hypo, hypoglycaemia

Table 4b Sensor glucose targets during exercise in regard to adults with type 1 diabetes and Ex 2 and/or low hypo risk (Decrease in sensor glucose expected)
During exercise sensor glucose	Trend arrow	Action	
Ex 2 and/or low hypo risk	Direction	Decrease in sensor glucose expected	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND >1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	éìèîê	Stop Ex,
Consider insulin correction,
No restart of Ex	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND ≤1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	ìé	Proceed all Ex,
Consider AE	
	è	Proceed all Ex	
	îê		
10.1–15.0 mmol/l
(181–270 mg/dl)	ìé	Proceed all Ex	
	è		
	îê		
7.0–10.0 mmol/l
(126–180 mg/dl)	ìé	Proceed all Ex	
	è		
	îê		
<7.0 mmol/l
(<126 mg/dl)	ìé	Proceed all Ex	
	è	~15 g CHO,
Proceed all Exd	
	î	~25 g CHO,
Proceed all Exd	
	ê	~35 g CHO,
Proceed all Exd	
<3.9 mmol/l
(<70 mg/dl)	é	Stop all Ex,
Consider confirmatory SMBG,
Individual amount CHO ingestion,
Restart of all Ex possiblee	
	ì		
	è		
	î		
	ê		
<3.0 mmol/l
(<54 mg/dl)	Stop all Ex,
Confirmatory SMBG,
Individual amount CHO ingestion,
No restart of Ex	
Sensor glucose targets are detailed for the following groups in type 1 diabetes (T1D): intensively exercising and/or low risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 2); moderately exercising and/or moderate risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 1); minimally exercising and/or high risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 0)
a Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses and intact cognitive and functional status
b Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses or two or more instrumental ADL impairments or mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment
c 50% of the regular insulin correction factor
d Check sensor glucose at least 30 min after carbohydrate consumption and repeat treatment if required
e Restart exercise when reaching sensor glucose levels of at least 4.4 mmol/l (80 mg/dl) and è, ì, or é
When reaching the required sensor glucose level during exercise, only consume carbohydrates again when trend arrow is starting to decrease
These recommendations are not applicable to hybrid closed-loop systems
Green shading, no/minimal action required; light-yellow shading, minimal/moderate action required; dark-yellow shading, moderate/intense action required; red shading, stop exercise
AE, mild-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise; CHO, carbohydrate; Ex, exercise; hypo, hypoglycaemia

Table 5a  Sensor glucose targets during exercise in regard to adults with type 1 diabetes and Ex 1 and/or moderate hypo riska (Increase in sensor glucose expected)
During exercise sensor glucose	Trend arrow	Action	
Ex 1 and/or moderate hypo riska	Direction	Increase in sensor glucose expected	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND >1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	éìèîê	Stop Ex,
Consider insulin correction,
No restart of Ex	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND ≤1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	ìé	Consider insulin correctionc,
Proceed all Ex	
	è	Consider insulin correctionc,
Proceed all Ex	
	îê	Proceed all Ex	
11.1–15.0 mmol/l
(199–270 mg/dl)	ìé	Proceed all Ex,
Consider insulin correctionc	
	è		
	îê	Proceed all Ex	
8.0–11.0 mmol/l)
(145–198 mg/dl)	ìé	Proceed all Ex	
	è		
	îê		
<8.0 mmol/l
(<145 mg/dl)	ìé	Proceed all Ex	
	è	~10 g CHO, Proceed all Exd	
	î	~15 g CHO, Proceed all Exd	
	ê	~20 g CHO, Proceed all Exd	
<3.9 mmol/l
(<70 mg/dl)	é	Stop all Ex,
Consider confirmatory SMBG,
Individual amount CHO ingestion,
Restart of all Ex possiblee	
	ì		
	è		
	î		
	ê		
<3.0 mmol/l
(<54 mg/dl)	Stop all Ex,
Confirmatory SMBG,
Individual amount CHO ingestion,
No restart of Ex	
Sensor glucose targets are detailed for the following groups in type 1 diabetes (T1D): intensively exercising and/or low risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 2); moderately exercising and/or moderate risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 1); minimally exercising and/or high risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 0)
a Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses and intact cognitive and functional status
b Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses or two or more instrumental ADL impairments or mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment
c 50% of the regular insulin correction factor
d Check sensor glucose at least 30 min after carbohydrate consumption and repeat treatment if required
e Restart exercise when reaching sensor glucose levels of at least 4.4 mmol/l (80 mg/dl) and è, ì, or é
When reaching the required sensor glucose level during exercise, only consume carbohydrates again when trend arrow is starting to decrease
These recommendations are not applicable to hybrid closed-loop systems
Green shading, no/minimal action required; light-yellow shading, minimal/moderate action required; dark-yellow shading, moderate/intense action required; red shading, stop exercise
AE, mild-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise; CHO, carbohydrate; Ex, exercise; hypo, hypoglycaemia

Table 5b  Sensor glucose targets during exercise in regard to adults with type 1 diabetes and Ex 1 and/or moderate hypo riska (Decrease in sensor glucose expected)
During exercise sensor glucose	Trend arrow	Action	
Ex 1 and/or moderate hypo riska	Direction	Decrease in sensor glucose expected	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND >1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	éìèîê	Stop Ex,
Consider insulin correction,
No restart of Ex	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND ≤1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	ìé	Proceed all Ex,
Consider AE	
	è	Proceed all Ex	
	îê		
11.1–15.0 mmol/l
(199–270 mg/dl)	ìé	Proceed all Ex	
	è		
	îê		
8.0–11.0 mmol/l)
(145–198 mg/dl)	ìé	Proceed all Ex	
	è		
	îê		
<8.0 mmol/l
(<145 mg/dl)	ìé	Proceed all Ex	
	è	~15 g CHO,
Proceed all Exd	
	î	~25 g CHO,
Proceed all Exd	
	ê	~35 g CHO,
Proceed all Exd	
<3.9 mmol/l
(<70 mg/dl)	é	Stop all Ex,
Consider confirmatory SMBG,
Individual amount CHO ingestion,
Restart of all Ex possiblee	
	ì		
	è		
	î		
	ê		
<3.0 mmol/l
(<54 mg/dl)	Stop all Ex,
Confirmatory SMBG,
Individual amount CHO ingestion,
No restart of Ex	
Sensor glucose targets are detailed for the following groups in type 1 diabetes (T1D): intensively exercising and/or low risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 2); moderately exercising and/or moderate risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 1); minimally exercising and/or high risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 0)
a Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses and intact cognitive and functional status
b Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses or two or more instrumental ADL impairments or mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment
c 50% of the regular insulin correction factor
d Check sensor glucose at least 30 min after carbohydrate consumption and repeat treatment if required
e Restart exercise when reaching sensor glucose levels of at least 4.4 mmol/l (80 mg/dl) and è, ì, or é
When reaching the required sensor glucose level during exercise, only consume carbohydrates again when trend arrow is starting to decrease
These recommendations are not applicable to hybrid closed-loop systems
Green shading, no/minimal action required; light-yellow shading, minimal/moderate action required; dark-yellow shading, moderate/intense action required; red shading, stop exercise
AE, mild-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise; CHO, carbohydrate; Ex, exercise; hypo, hypoglycaemia

Table 6a  Sensor glucose targets during exercise in regard to adults with type 1 diabetes and Ex 0 and/or high hypo riskb (Increase in sensor glucose expected)
During exercise sensor glucose	Trend arrow	Action	
Ex 0 and/or high hypo riskb	Direction	Increase in sensor glucose expected	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND >1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	éìèîê	Stop Ex,
Consider insulin correction,
No restart of Ex	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND ≤1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	ìé	Consider insulin correctionc,
Proceed all Ex	
	è	Consider insulin correctionc,
Proceed all Ex	
	îê	Proceed all Ex	
12.1 –15.0 mmol/l
(217–270 mg/dl)	ìé	Proceed all Ex,
Consider insulin correctionc	
	è		
	îê	Proceed all Ex	
9.0–12.0 mmol/l
(162–216 mg/dl)	ìé	Proceed all Ex	
	è		
	îê		
<9.0 mmol/l
(<162 mg/dl)	ìé	Proceed all Ex	
	è	~10 g CHO, Proceed all Exd	
	î	~15 g CHO, Proceed all Exd	
	ê	~20 g CHO, Proceed all Exd	
<3.9 mmol/l
(<70 mg/dl)	é	Stop all Ex,
Consider confirmatory SMBG,
Individual amount CHO ingestion,
Restart of all Ex possiblee	
	ì		
	è		
	î		
	ê		
<3.0 mmol/l
(<54 mg/dl)	Stop all Ex,
Confirmatory SMBG,
Individual amount CHO ingestion,
No restart of Ex	
Sensor glucose targets are detailed for the following groups in type 1 diabetes (T1D): intensively exercising and/or low risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 2); moderately exercising and/or moderate risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 1); minimally exercising and/or high risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 0)
a Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses and intact cognitive and functional status
b Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses or two or more instrumental ADL impairments or mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment
c 50% of the regular insulin correction factor
d Check sensor glucose at least 30 min after carbohydrate consumption and repeat treatment if required
e Restart exercise when reaching sensor glucose levels of at least 4.4 mmol/l (80 mg/dl) and è, ì, or é
When reaching the required sensor glucose level during exercise, only consume carbohydrates again when trend arrow is starting to decrease
These recommendations are not applicable to hybrid closed-loop systems
Green shading, no/minimal action required; light-yellow shading, minimal/moderate action required; dark-yellow shading, moderate/intense action required; red shading, stop exercise
AE, mild-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise; CHO, carbohydrate; Ex, exercise; hypo, hypoglycaemia

Table 6b  Sensor glucose targets during exercise in regard to adults with type 1 diabetes and Ex 0 and/or high hypo riskb (Decrease in sensor glucose expected)
During exercise sensor glucose	Trend arrow	Action	
Ex 0 and/or high hypo riskb	Direction	Decrease in sensor glucose expected	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND >1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	éìèîê	Stop Ex,
Consider insulin correction,
No restart of Ex	
>15.0 mmol/l (>270 mg/dl)
AND ≤1.5 mmol/l blood ketones	ìé	Proceed all Ex,
Consider AE	
	è	Proceed all Ex	
	îê		
12.1 –15.0 mmol/l
(217–270 mg/dl)	ìé	Proceed all Ex	
	è		
	îê		
9.0–12.0 mmol/l
(162–216 mg/dl)	ìé	Proceed all Ex	
	è		
	îê		
<9.0 mmol/l
(<162 mg/dl)	ìé	Proceed all Ex	
	è	~15 g CHO,
Proceed all Exd	
	î	~25 g CHO,
Proceed all Exd	
	ê	~35 g CHO,
Proceed all Exd	
<3.9 mmol/l
(<70 mg/dl)	é	Stop all Ex,
Consider confirmatory SMBG,
Individual amount CHO ingestion,
Restart of all Ex possiblee	
	ì		
	è		
	î		
	ê		
<3.0 mmol/l
(<54 mg/dl)	Stop all Ex,
Confirmatory SMBG,
Individual amount CHO ingestion,
No restart of Ex	
Sensor glucose targets are detailed for the following groups in type 1 diabetes (T1D): intensively exercising and/or low risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 2); moderately exercising and/or moderate risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 1); minimally exercising and/or high risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 0)
a Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses and intact cognitive and functional status
b Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses or two or more instrumental ADL impairments or mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment
c 50% of the regular insulin correction factor
d Check sensor glucose at least 30 min after carbohydrate consumption and repeat treatment if required
e Restart exercise when reaching sensor glucose levels of at least 4.4 mmol/l (80 mg/dl) and è, ì, or é
When reaching the required sensor glucose level during exercise, only consume carbohydrates again when trend arrow is starting to decrease
These recommendations are not applicable to hybrid closed-loop systems
Green shading, no/minimal action required; light-yellow shading, minimal/moderate action required; dark-yellow shading, moderate/intense action required; red shading, stop exercise
AE, mild-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise; CHO, carbohydrate; Ex, exercise; hypo, hypoglycaemia

Table 7 Sensor glucose targets for carbohydrate consumption during the post-exercise phase in regard to adults with type 1 diabetes and Ex 2 and/or low hypo risk, including the nocturnal post-exercise phase if exercise was performed in the late afternoon/evening
Post-exercise sensor glucose, including nocturnal phase	Trend
arrow	Action	
Ex 2 and/or low hypo risk	Direction	CHO 	
<4.4 mmol/l
(<80 mg/dl)	é	No CHO	
	ì		
	è	~10 g CHO	
	î	~15 g CHO	
	ê	Individual amount CHO ingestion	
Sensor glucose thresholds for treatments are detailed for the following groups in type 1 diabetes (T1D): intensively exercising and/or low risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 2); moderately exercising and/or moderate risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 1); minimally exercising and/or high risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 0)
a Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses and intact cognitive and functional status
b Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses or two or more instrumental ADL impairments or mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment
If an insulin correction is applied due to high sensor glucose levels, then the regular correction factor might be reduced by up to 50%
Check sensor glucose at least 30 min after carbohydrate consumption and repeat treatment if required
These recommendations are not applicable to hybrid closed-loop systems
The intensity of yellow shading indicates the level of action required: lighter yellow shading indicates that minimal/moderate action is required, while darker yellow shading indicates that moderate/intense action is required
CHO, carbohydrate; Ex, exercise; hypo, hypoglycaemia

Table 8 Sensor glucose targets for carbohydrate consumption during the post-exercise phase in regard to adults with type 1 diabetes and Ex 1 and/or moderate hypo riska, including the nocturnal post-exercise phase if exercise was performed in the late afternoon/evening
Post-exercise sensor glucose, including nocturnal phase	Trend
arrow	Action	
Ex 1 and/or moderate hypo riska	Direction	CHO 	
<5.0 mmol/l
(<90 mg/dl)	é	No CHO	
	ì		
	è	~10 g CHO	
	î	~15 g CHO	
	ê	Individual amount CHO ingestion	
Sensor glucose thresholds for treatments are detailed for the following groups in type 1 diabetes (T1D): intensively exercising and/or low risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 2); moderately exercising and/or moderate risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 1); minimally exercising and/or high risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 0)
a Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses and intact cognitive and functional status
b Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses or two or more instrumental ADL impairments or mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment
If an insulin correction is applied due to high sensor glucose levels, then the regular correction factor might be reduced by up to 50%
Check sensor glucose at least 30 min after carbohydrate consumption and repeat treatment if required
These recommendations are not applicable to hybrid closed-loop systems
The intensity of yellow shading indicates the level of action required: lighter yellow shading indicates that minimal/moderate action is required, while darker yellow shading indicates that moderate/intense action is required
CHO, carbohydrate; Ex, exercise; hypo, hypoglycaemia

Table 9 Sensor glucose targets for carbohydrate consumption during the post-exercise phase in regard to adults with type 1 diabetes and Ex 0 and/or high hypo riskb, including the nocturnal post-exercise phase if exercise was performed in the late afternoon/evening
Post-exercise sensor glucose, including nocturnal phase	Trend
arrow	Action	
Ex 0 and/or high hypo riskb	Direction	CHO 	
<5.6 mmol/l
(<100 mg/dl)	é	No CHO	
	ì		
	è	~10 g CHO	
	î	~15 g CHO	
	ê	Individual amount CHO ingestion	
Sensor glucose thresholds for treatments are detailed for the following groups in type 1 diabetes (T1D): intensively exercising and/or low risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 2); moderately exercising and/or moderate risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 1); minimally exercising and/or high risk of hypoglycaemia (Ex 0)
a Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses and intact cognitive and functional status
b Recommendation for older adults with coexisting chronic illnesses or two or more instrumental ADL impairments or mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment
If an insulin correction is applied due to high sensor glucose levels, then the regular correction factor might be reduced by up to 50%
Check sensor glucose at least 30 min after carbohydrate consumption and repeat treatment if required
These recommendations are not applicable to hybrid closed-loop systems
The intensity of yellow shading indicates the level of action required: lighter yellow shading indicates that minimal/moderate action is required, while darker yellow shading indicates that moderate/intense action is required
CHO, carbohydrate; Ex, exercise; hypo, hypoglycaemia